'Julius' (i) was the British naval and merchant marine undertaking for the relief of Malta, which was under severe threat from the Axis powers and on the verge of public starvation and military exhaustion, from the UK and Egypt in the form of the 'Harpoon' (ii) convoy via Gibraltar and the 'Vigorous' (ii) convoy via Alexandria (12/16 June 1942).

Other related undertakings were 'Salient' and 'Style' to deliver Supermarine Spitfire single-engined fighters from the UK to Malta using the fleet carrier Eagle.