The 'Bobruysk Offensive Operation' was the Soviet third of the 11 sub-operations together constituting the 'Belorussian Strategic Offensive Operation' ('Bagration') in the summer of 1944 (23/29 June 1944).

The other sub-operations were the 'Vitebsk-Orsha Offensive Operation' (23/28 June), the 'Mogilev Offensive Operation' (23/28 June), the 'Polotsk Offensive Operation' (29 June/4 July), the 'Minsk Offensive Operation' (29 June/4 July), the 'Vilnyus Offensive Operation' (5/20 July), the 'Siauliai Offensive Operation' (5/31 July), the 'Białystok Offensive Operation' (5/27 July), the 'Lublin-Brest Offensive Operation' (18 July/2 August), the 'Kaunas Offensive Operation' (28 July/28 August) and the 'Osovets Offensive Operation' (6/14 August).

The 'Bobruysk Offensive Operation' had the twin objectives of breaking through the defensive positions of General Hans Jordan’s 9^th Army and taking Bobruysk, and of committing motorised and cavalry exploitation forces through the gap so created, opening the way for a major encirclement of much of the remainder of Generalfeldmarschall Ernst Busch’s (from 28 June Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model’s) Heeresgruppe 'Mitte' in the Minsk offensive operation.

The headquarters of the 9^th Army had argued strongly that a major assault on Heeresgruppe 'Mitte' was imminent, and Jordan had complained about the high command’s refusal to sanction tactical withdrawals, but Busch had brushed these concerns aside. Patrols of Generalleutnant Ernst Philipp’s 134^th Division had revealed a build-up in the sector opposite General Friedrich Wiese’s (from June 1944 Generalleutnant Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow’s) XXXV Corps and General Helmuth Weidling’s (from 19 June Generalleutnant Edmund Hoffmeister’s) XLI Panzerkorps to the extent that each of the German division’s three regiments was faced with a full-strength Soviet infantry division of 7,200 men.

In overall terms the 9^th Army comprised lower-quality divisions than General Friedrich Hossbach’s 4^th Army to its north, probably reflecting a belief by the Oberkommando des Heeres that the terrain in the 9^th Army's sector was more easily defensible. The German strength in this sector comprised the 9^th Army with the XXXV Corps, the XLI Panzerkorps and General Friedrich Herrlein’s LV Corps, together with Generalleutnant Mortimer von Kessel’s 20^th Panzerdivision and Generalmajor Gustav Gihr’s 707^th Division as reserves.

Bobruysk itself had been designated a Festerplatz (fortified area) under the command of Generalmajor Adolf Hamann.

On the other side of the front line, the Soviet forces co-ordinated by Marshal Sovetskogo Soyuza Georgi K. Zhukov, the Stavka’s special representative, were based on Marshal Sovetskogo Soyuza Konstantin K. Rokossovsky’s 1^st Belorussian Front with General Leytenant Aleksandr V. Gorbatov’s 3^rd Army, General Leytenant Aleksei A. Grechkin’s 28^th Army, General Leytenant Nikolai I. Gusev’s 48^th Army, General Leytenant Pavel A. Batov’s 65^th Army, General Leytenant Issa A. Pliyev’s Cavalry-Mechanised Group 'Pliyev' (I Mechanised Corps and IV Guards Cavalry Corps), and General Polkovnik Sergei I. Rudenko’s 16^th Air Army.

In the southern sector of operations, where the 1^st Belorussian Front faced the 9^th Army, the main Soviet objective was Bobruysk and the southern crossings of the Berezina river, whose capture would open the route for the southern arm of the main pincer encirclement. (The southern flank of Heeresgruppe 'Mitte' was covered by Generaloberst Walter Weiss’s 2^nd Army in the Pripyet Marshes, but this area was largely bypassed by the Soviet offensive.)

Rokossovsky had staked his reputation on a plan involving a complex double envelopment of the German forces at Bobruysk, in opposition to Stalin’s preferred plan of a single breakthrough in the sector. The Soviet attack, as with the other initial offensive operations of 'Bagration', was preceded by a heavy artillery bombardment. The first Soviet assault on 23 June was driven back and suffered heavy casualties. Rokossovsky ordered further artillery preparation for the following day, which eventually resulted in a collapse of the 134^th Division in the north of the sector as the 3^rd Army pushed forward. The 20^th Panzerdivision counterattacked but was then ordered by Jordan to turn to the south and confront a new breakthrough by the 65^th Army. By 27 June, Soviet forces were converging near Bobruysk, trapping the five divisions of the XXXV Corps, the 9^th Army's most northerly major formation, to the east of the Berezina river. Elements of the XLI Panzerkorps in the centre were also trapped, along with the 20^th Panzerdivision.

The disorganised German divisions now launched themselves into a number of desperate attempts to escape from the pocket, which stretched for several miles along the eastern bank of the river: the Soviets reported large fires on 27 June as the Germans destroyed their heavy equipment and attempted to break out, but Soviet air attack and artillery inflicted very heavy losses on the encircled forces.

Adolf Hitler had meanwhile removed Jordan of command on the grounds of his confusing instructions to the 20^th Panzerdivision, and installed in his place General Nikolaus von Vormann. The 9^th Army was further affected for the worse when its main communications headquarters was destroyed by bombing. On the following day, a limited reinforcement arrived behind the German lines in the form of Generalmajor Gerhard Müller’s 12^th Panzerdivision.

Faced with the prospect of the 9^th Army's total collapse, the OKH now authorised a withdrawal. Hamann, the commandant in Bobruysk, was ordered to hold the town with just one formation, namely Generalleutnant Edmund Hoffmeister’s 383^rd Division, and many thousands of wounded were abandoned in the citadel as the rest of the 9^th Army fell back to the west. The remnants of 20^th Panzerdivision, with a handful of tanks and assault guns, were the spearhead of the XLI Panzerkorps' attempted breakout, which was placed under the command of Hoffmeister, while the 12^th Panzerdivision attacked from the Svisloch river to meet the retreating troops. Though a breakout was achieved through positions held by the 356^th Division of the 65^th Army, the German forces were again subjected to intense artillery bombardment and air attack as they attempted to make their way along the roads to the south of Minsk.

The 65^th Army now fought its way street-by-street into Bobruysk against stiff resistance by the German rearguard. Comprising little more than ruins and with much of its population killed during the German occupation, Bobruysk was liberated on 29 June, as the last elements of the 383^rd Division started to pull back shortly before dawn: no further elements of the 9^th Army escaped from the area to the east of the Berezina river.

The German breakout had allowed some 12,000 troops, in a very poor state of morale and without their heavier weapons, to escape from the pocket to the east of Bobruysk, but the Soviets claimed to have taken prisoner some 20,000 Germans, and to have killed some 50,000 Germans. The 9^th Army had been totally defeated, and the southern route to Minsk was now open to the Soviets.