'Composition' was a British series of carrierborne air attacks on the harbour of Massawa in Italian-held Eritrea (13/21 February 1941).

Aircraft of the fleet carrier Formidable, which was on passage from Vice Admiral R. Leatham’s East Indies Fleet to reinforce Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham’s Mediterranean Fleet, attacked Italian shipping in Massawa throughout this period. 'Composition' proper was undertaken on 13 February, when 14 Fairey Albacore single-engined biplane bombers attacked the harbour of Massawa, in the process destroying the 5,723-ton Italian merchant vessel Moncalieri and inflicting slight damage on several warships and some merchant ships.

On 21 February the British launched a second raid with seven Albacore aircraft operating in the dive-bombing role, but this attack caused little damage. Because the Suez Canal was at the time closed by German air-laid mines and the ship had to await the waterway’s clearance, Formidable made another raid in this theatre on 1 March, this time from Port Sudan with five Albacore warplanes, but this effort caused only slight damage.